The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought as part of the Atlanta Campaign during the Civil War on June 27, 1864, and it was the most significant frontal assault against Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and his Army of Tennessee from Union Major General William T. Sherman and his three Armies of the Tennessee, Ohio, and Cumberland. The battle ended in a defeat for the Union. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign was initially a series of flanking maneuvers against Atlanta, Georgia, but after such maneuvers, Sherman's path was blocked by heavy fortifications on Kennesaw Mountain, and he chose to abandon the flanking tactics he previously used and chose to launch a frontal assault on the mountain, which cost him 3,000 soldiers. Even with these losses, the Confederate's left flank was threatened, which prompted another withdrawal towards Atlanta, and the removal of Johnston from command of the army.